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Julien's Chalkboard

Julien's Chalkboard

Julien's personal musings ranging from Charles Munger to Quantum Physics and more.

Brain Imaging

📝 Fluxes Of Lactate Into, From, And Among Gap Junction-coupled Astrocytes And Their Interaction With Noradrenaline

Lactate is a versatile metabolite with important roles in modulation of brain glucose utilization rate (CMRglc), diagnosis of brain-injured patients,...
📝 Lactate Transport In Skeletal Muscle — Role And Regulation Of The Monocarboxylate Transporter

Skeletal muscle is the major producer of lactic acid in the body, but its oxidative fibres also use lactic acid...
📝 Adrenaline Increases Skeletal Muscle Glycogenolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activation And Carbohydrate Oxidation During Moderate Exercise In Humans

To evaluate the role of adrenaline in regulating carbohydrate metabolism during moderate exercise, 10 moderately trained men completed two 20...
📝 The Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1b Drives the Formation of Oxidative Type IIX Fibers in Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle must perform different kinds of work, and distinct fiber types have evolved to accommodate these. Previous work had...
📝 Bench-To-Bedside Review: Is there A Place For Epinephrine In Septic Shock?

The use of epinephrine in septic shock remains controversial. Nevertheless, epinephrine is widely used around the world and the reported...
📝 Reconsideration of the sequence of rigor mortis through postmortem changes in adenosine nucleotides and lactic acid in different rat muscles

We examined the changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in five different...
📝 Regulation Of Glycolytic Oscillations By Mitochondrial And Plasma Membrane Hþ-ATPases

Oscillatory behavior is known to occur in many different biological settings. Some examples are the circadian rhythms, the mitotic oscillator,...
📝 The Role Of miR-378a In Metabolism, Angiogenesis, And Muscle Biology

Cell metabolism governing the growth and functioning of each cell and a whole organism refers to chemical transformations and enzyme-catalyzed...
📝 Contribution Of Glycogen In Supporting Axon Conduction In The Peripheral And Central Nervous Systems: The Role Of Lactate

The role of glycogen in the central nervous system is intimately linked with the glycolytic pathway. Glycogen is synthesized from...
📝 Is A Constant Low-entropy Process At The Root Of Glycolytic Oscillations?

We measured temporal oscillations in thermodynamic variables such as temperature, heat flux, and cellular volume in suspensions of non-dividing yeast...
📝 Loss Of Force Induced By High Extracellular [K+] In Rat Muscle: Effect Of Temperature, Lactic Acid And b2-agonist

Loss of K+ from active muscles, leading to increased [K+]o, has been proposed to cause muscle fatigue by reducing excitability....
📝 ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel-Mediated Lactate Effect On Orexin Neurons: Implications For Brain Energetics During Arousal

The brain, although comprising only 2% of body weight, is responsible for 25% of total body glucose utilization, necessitating a...
📝 Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic And Physical Adaptations To Different Exercise Training Modes In Young And Old Humans

The molecular transducers of benefits from differentexercise modalities remain incompletely defined.Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aero-bic interval...
📝 A Time Estimation Task As A Possible Measure Of Emotions: Difference Depending On The Nature Of The Stimulus Used

Time perception is fundamental for human experience; it is essential for everyday behavior and for understanding social interactions. Humans are...
📝 Extracellular Lactate As D Dynamic Vasoactive Signal In The Rat Retinal Microvasculature

Yamanishi, Shigeki, Kozo Katsumura, Takatoshi Kobayashi, and Donald G. Puro. Extracellular lactate as a dynamic vasoactive signal in the rat...
📝 Acid–base Dysregulation And Chemosensory Mechanisms In Panic Disorder: A Translational Update

Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by spontaneous and recurrent panic attacks that consist of incapacitating periods of acute-onset respiratory, cardiovascular,...
📝 Lactate, Not Lactic Acid, Is Produced By Cellular Cytosolic Energy Catabolism

In the November issue of Physiology, Sunet al. (12) published a review describing the role of lactate as a multi-tissue...
📝 An Integrative Model Of Effortful Control

This article presents an integrative model of effortful control, a resource-limited top-down control mechanism involved in mental tasks and physical...
📝 Acute Physiological Effects Of Glucocorticoids On Fuel Metabolism In Humans Are Permissive But Not Direct

Glucocorticoids are critical regulators of energy balance; however, their complex effects on fuel metabolism are highly context-dependent, are not linear...
📝 Monocarboxylate Transporters: Therapeutic Targets And Prognostic Factors In Disease

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters represent 52 families of membrane transport proteins that function in endogenous compound homeostasis and xenobiotic disposition,...
📝 Creatine Deficiency Syndromes: A Clinical, Molecular And Functional Approach

Creatine (methyl guanidine-acetic acid) – which is the Greek word for meat, was first identified in 1832 as a component...
📝 Glycogen availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance and resistance exercise

It is well established that glycogen depletion affects endurance exercise performance negatively. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that post-exercise carbohydrate...
📝 Plasma Lactate Levels Increase During Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a serious global problem that is closely related to the rise in obesity. Insulin...
📝 miR-378∗ Mediates Metabolic Shift In Breast Cancer Cells Via The PGC-1β/ERRγ Transcriptional Pathway

Cancer cell metabolism is often characterized by a shift from an oxidative to a glycolytic bioenergetics pathway, a phenomenon known...
📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have emphasized the contributions of synchronized activity in distributed brain networks to cognitive...
📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have emphasized the contributions of synchronized activity in distributed brain networks to cognitive...
📝 Psychophysiological Responses To Pain Identify Reproducible Human Clusters

Pain is a ubiquitous yet highly variable experience. The psychophysiological and genetic factors responsible for this variability remain unresolved. We...
📝Monocarboxylate Transporters: Past, Present, And Future

We review here the 14 members of the Monocarboxylate transporter family (MCTs), their relationship based on sequence homology. The range...
📝 Defective Activation Of Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Lipolysis In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During Hypoglycemia

The increased risk of hypoglycemia during intensified treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, who have a deficient glucagon...
📝 A Single Bout Of Either Sprint Interval Training Or Moderate Intensity Continuous Training Reduces Anxiety Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Interventions that reduce anxiety sensitivity (AS) may have far reaching benefits for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Exercise,...
📝 Brain Metabolism Dictates The Polarity Of Astrocyte Control Over Arterioles

In the brain, regional changes in neural activity trigger localized alterations in cerebral blood flow1 through astrocyte activation2,3. A rise...
📝 Catecholamines And The Effects Of Exercise, Training And Gender

Stress hormones, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), are responsible for many adaptations both at rest and during exercise. Since their...
📝 miR-378 Activates The Pyruvate-PEP Futile Cycle And Enhances Lipolysis To Ameliorate Obesity In Mice

Obesity has been linked to many health problems, such as diabetes. However, there is no drug that effectively treats obesity....
📝 Energy Substrates That Fuel Fast Neuronal Network Oscillations

Fast neuronal network oscillations in the gamma-frequency band (30–−100 Hz) provide a fundamental mechanism of complex neuronal information processing in...
📝A Time Estimation Task As A Possible Measure Of Emotions: Difference Depending On The Nature Of The Stimulus Used

The aim of the present work was to compare the effect of emotionally arousing video stimuli and odors by using...
📝 Lactate Attenuates Synaptic Transmission And Affects Brain Rhythms Featuring High Energy Expenditure

Lactate shuttled from blood, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes may serve as the major glucose alternative in brain energy metabolism. However, its...
📝 Discrepancies Between Dimensions Of Interoception In Autism: Implications For Emotion And Anxiety

Emotions and affective feelings are influenced by one’s internal state of bodily arousal via interoception. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are...
📝 Enhanced Endurance Performance By Periodization Of Carbohydrate Intake

Twenty-one triathletes (V˙O2max: 58.7 ± 5.7 mL·min−1·kg−1) were divided into two groups: a “sleep-low” (SL) (n = 11) and a control (CON) group...
📝 Dissociation Of Sympathetic Nervous System And Adrenal Medullary Responses

YOUNG, JAMES B., ROBERT M. ROSA, AND LEWIS LANDSBERG. Dissociation of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullary responses. Am. J,...
📝 New Insights Into Sympathetic Regulation Of Glucose And Fat Metabolism

The autonomic nervous system modulates glucose and fat metabolism through both direct neural effects and hormonal effects. This review presents...

Julien's Chalkboard

Brain Imaging

📝 Fluxes Of Lactate Into, From, And Among Gap Junction-coupled Astrocytes And Their Interaction With Noradrenaline

📝 Lactate Transport In Skeletal Muscle — Role And Regulation Of The Monocarboxylate Transporter

📝 Adrenaline Increases Skeletal Muscle Glycogenolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activation And Carbohydrate Oxidation During Moderate Exercise In Humans

📝 The Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1b Drives the Formation of Oxidative Type IIX Fibers in Skeletal Muscle

📝 Bench-To-Bedside Review: Is there A Place For Epinephrine In Septic Shock?

📝 Reconsideration of the sequence of rigor mortis through postmortem changes in adenosine nucleotides and lactic acid in different rat muscles

📝 Regulation Of Glycolytic Oscillations By Mitochondrial And Plasma Membrane Hþ-ATPases

📝 The Role Of miR-378a In Metabolism, Angiogenesis, And Muscle Biology

📝 Contribution Of Glycogen In Supporting Axon Conduction In The Peripheral And Central Nervous Systems: The Role Of Lactate

📝 Is A Constant Low-entropy Process At The Root Of Glycolytic Oscillations?

📝 Loss Of Force Induced By High Extracellular [K+] In Rat Muscle: Effect Of Temperature, Lactic Acid And b2-agonist

📝 ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel-Mediated Lactate Effect On Orexin Neurons: Implications For Brain Energetics During Arousal

📝 Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic And Physical Adaptations To Different Exercise Training Modes In Young And Old Humans

📝 A Time Estimation Task As A Possible Measure Of Emotions: Difference Depending On The Nature Of The Stimulus Used

📝 Extracellular Lactate As D Dynamic Vasoactive Signal In The Rat Retinal Microvasculature

📝 Acid–base Dysregulation And Chemosensory Mechanisms In Panic Disorder: A Translational Update

📝 Lactate, Not Lactic Acid, Is Produced By Cellular Cytosolic Energy Catabolism

📝 An Integrative Model Of Effortful Control

📝 Acute Physiological Effects Of Glucocorticoids On Fuel Metabolism In Humans Are Permissive But Not Direct

📝 Monocarboxylate Transporters: Therapeutic Targets And Prognostic Factors In Disease

📝 Creatine Deficiency Syndromes: A Clinical, Molecular And Functional Approach

📝 Glycogen availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance and resistance exercise

📝 Plasma Lactate Levels Increase During Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

📝 miR-378∗ Mediates Metabolic Shift In Breast Cancer Cells Via The PGC-1β/ERRγ Transcriptional Pathway

📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

📝 Psychophysiological Responses To Pain Identify Reproducible Human Clusters

📝Monocarboxylate Transporters: Past, Present, And Future

📝 Defective Activation Of Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Lipolysis In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During Hypoglycemia

📝 A Single Bout Of Either Sprint Interval Training Or Moderate Intensity Continuous Training Reduces Anxiety Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

📝 Brain Metabolism Dictates The Polarity Of Astrocyte Control Over Arterioles

📝 Catecholamines And The Effects Of Exercise, Training And Gender

📝 miR-378 Activates The Pyruvate-PEP Futile Cycle And Enhances Lipolysis To Ameliorate Obesity In Mice

📝 Energy Substrates That Fuel Fast Neuronal Network Oscillations

📝A Time Estimation Task As A Possible Measure Of Emotions: Difference Depending On The Nature Of The Stimulus Used

📝 Lactate Attenuates Synaptic Transmission And Affects Brain Rhythms Featuring High Energy Expenditure

📝 Discrepancies Between Dimensions Of Interoception In Autism: Implications For Emotion And Anxiety

📝 Enhanced Endurance Performance By Periodization Of Carbohydrate Intake

📝 Dissociation Of Sympathetic Nervous System And Adrenal Medullary Responses

📝 New Insights Into Sympathetic Regulation Of Glucose And Fat Metabolism