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Julien's Chalkboard

Julien's Chalkboard

Julien's personal musings ranging from Charles Munger to Quantum Physics and more.

Brain Imaging

📝 Reconsideration of the sequence of rigor mortis through postmortem changes in adenosine nucleotides and lactic acid in different rat muscles

We examined the changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in five different...
📝 Fluxes Of Lactate Into, From, And Among Gap Junction-coupled Astrocytes And Their Interaction With Noradrenaline

Lactate is a versatile metabolite with important roles in modulation of brain glucose utilization rate (CMRglc), diagnosis of brain-injured patients,...
📝 The Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1b Drives the Formation of Oxidative Type IIX Fibers in Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle must perform different kinds of work, and distinct fiber types have evolved to accommodate these. Previous work had...
📝 Loss Of Force Induced By High Extracellular [K+] In Rat Muscle: Effect Of Temperature, Lactic Acid And b2-agonist

Loss of K+ from active muscles, leading to increased [K+]o, has been proposed to cause muscle fatigue by reducing excitability....
📝 Adrenaline Increases Skeletal Muscle Glycogenolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activation And Carbohydrate Oxidation During Moderate Exercise In Humans

To evaluate the role of adrenaline in regulating carbohydrate metabolism during moderate exercise, 10 moderately trained men completed two 20...
📝 Bench-To-Bedside Review: Is there A Place For Epinephrine In Septic Shock?

The use of epinephrine in septic shock remains controversial. Nevertheless, epinephrine is widely used around the world and the reported...
📝 Regulation Of Glycolytic Oscillations By Mitochondrial And Plasma Membrane Hþ-ATPases

Oscillatory behavior is known to occur in many different biological settings. Some examples are the circadian rhythms, the mitotic oscillator,...
📝 Contribution Of Glycogen In Supporting Axon Conduction In The Peripheral And Central Nervous Systems: The Role Of Lactate

The role of glycogen in the central nervous system is intimately linked with the glycolytic pathway. Glycogen is synthesized from...
📝 Glycogen availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance and resistance exercise

It is well established that glycogen depletion affects endurance exercise performance negatively. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that post-exercise carbohydrate...
📝 Lactate Transport In Skeletal Muscle — Role And Regulation Of The Monocarboxylate Transporter

Skeletal muscle is the major producer of lactic acid in the body, but its oxidative fibres also use lactic acid...
📝 Is A Constant Low-entropy Process At The Root Of Glycolytic Oscillations?

We measured temporal oscillations in thermodynamic variables such as temperature, heat flux, and cellular volume in suspensions of non-dividing yeast...
📝 ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel-Mediated Lactate Effect On Orexin Neurons: Implications For Brain Energetics During Arousal

The brain, although comprising only 2% of body weight, is responsible for 25% of total body glucose utilization, necessitating a...
📝 Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic And Physical Adaptations To Different Exercise Training Modes In Young And Old Humans

The molecular transducers of benefits from differentexercise modalities remain incompletely defined.Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aero-bic interval...
📝 The Role Of miR-378a In Metabolism, Angiogenesis, And Muscle Biology

Cell metabolism governing the growth and functioning of each cell and a whole organism refers to chemical transformations and enzyme-catalyzed...
📝 Extracellular Lactate As D Dynamic Vasoactive Signal In The Rat Retinal Microvasculature

Yamanishi, Shigeki, Kozo Katsumura, Takatoshi Kobayashi, and Donald G. Puro. Extracellular lactate as a dynamic vasoactive signal in the rat...
📝 Plasma Lactate Levels Increase During Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a serious global problem that is closely related to the rise in obesity. Insulin...
📝 Creatine Deficiency Syndromes: A Clinical, Molecular And Functional Approach

Creatine (methyl guanidine-acetic acid) – which is the Greek word for meat, was first identified in 1832 as a component...
📝 Lactate, Not Lactic Acid, Is Produced By Cellular Cytosolic Energy Catabolism

In the November issue of Physiology, Sunet al. (12) published a review describing the role of lactate as a multi-tissue...
📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have emphasized the contributions of synchronized activity in distributed brain networks to cognitive...
📝 miR-378∗ Mediates Metabolic Shift In Breast Cancer Cells Via The PGC-1β/ERRγ Transcriptional Pathway

Cancer cell metabolism is often characterized by a shift from an oxidative to a glycolytic bioenergetics pathway, a phenomenon known...
📝 Involvement Of Lactate And Pyruvate In The Anti-Inflammatory Effects Exerted By Voluntary Activation Of The Sympathetic Nervous System

We recently demonstrated that the sympathetic nervous system can be voluntarily activated following a training program consisting of cold exposure,...
📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have emphasized the contributions of synchronized activity in distributed brain networks to cognitive...
📝 Energy Substrates That Fuel Fast Neuronal Network Oscillations

Fast neuronal network oscillations in the gamma-frequency band (30–−100 Hz) provide a fundamental mechanism of complex neuronal information processing in...
📝 Brain Metabolism Dictates The Polarity Of Astrocyte Control Over Arterioles

In the brain, regional changes in neural activity trigger localized alterations in cerebral blood flow1 through astrocyte activation2,3. A rise...
📝 Catecholamines And The Effects Of Exercise, Training And Gender

Stress hormones, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), are responsible for many adaptations both at rest and during exercise. Since their...
📝 Psychiatric Symptoms Of Noradrenergic Dysfunction: A Pathophysiological View

What psychiatric symptoms are caused by central noradrenergic dysfunction? The hypothesis considered in this review is that noradrenergic dysfunction causes...
📝 New Insights Into Sympathetic Regulation Of Glucose And Fat Metabolism

The autonomic nervous system modulates glucose and fat metabolism through both direct neural effects and hormonal effects. This review presents...
📝 Monocarboxylate Transporters: Therapeutic Targets And Prognostic Factors In Disease

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters represent 52 families of membrane transport proteins that function in endogenous compound homeostasis and xenobiotic disposition,...
📝 Metabolic Stress And High Intensity Exercise

Exercise-induced catecholamine responses are related to exercise intensity and are affected by the preceding training regimen. Although most investigations of...
📝 Bioenergetics Of Exercising Humans

Human muscles, limbs and supporting ventilatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems are well adapted for walking, and there is reasonable transfer...
📝 Defective Activation Of Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Lipolysis In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During Hypoglycemia

The increased risk of hypoglycemia during intensified treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, who have a deficient glucagon...
📝 Lactate Attenuates Synaptic Transmission And Affects Brain Rhythms Featuring High Energy Expenditure

Lactate shuttled from blood, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes may serve as the major glucose alternative in brain energy metabolism. However, its...
📝 miR-378 Activates The Pyruvate-PEP Futile Cycle And Enhances Lipolysis To Ameliorate Obesity In Mice

Obesity has been linked to many health problems, such as diabetes. However, there is no drug that effectively treats obesity....
📝 Acid–base Dysregulation And Chemosensory Mechanisms In Panic Disorder: A Translational Update

Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by spontaneous and recurrent panic attacks that consist of incapacitating periods of acute-onset respiratory, cardiovascular,...
📝 UNIVERSE, LIFE, CONSCIOUSNESS

For many years, cosmologists believed that the universe from the very beginning looked like an expanding ball of fire. This...
📝 A Single Bout Of Either Sprint Interval Training Or Moderate Intensity Continuous Training Reduces Anxiety Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Interventions that reduce anxiety sensitivity (AS) may have far reaching benefits for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Exercise,...
📝 A Time Estimation Task As A Possible Measure Of Emotions: Difference Depending On The Nature Of The Stimulus Used

Time perception is fundamental for human experience; it is essential for everyday behavior and for understanding social interactions. Humans are...
📝 Acute Physiological Effects Of Glucocorticoids On Fuel Metabolism In Humans Are Permissive But Not Direct

Glucocorticoids are critical regulators of energy balance; however, their complex effects on fuel metabolism are highly context-dependent, are not linear...
📝 Discrepancies Between Dimensions Of Interoception In Autism: Implications For Emotion And Anxiety

Emotions and affective feelings are influenced by one’s internal state of bodily arousal via interoception. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are...
📝 Psychophysiological Responses To Pain Identify Reproducible Human Clusters

Pain is a ubiquitous yet highly variable experience. The psychophysiological and genetic factors responsible for this variability remain unresolved. We...

Julien's Chalkboard

Brain Imaging

📝 Reconsideration of the sequence of rigor mortis through postmortem changes in adenosine nucleotides and lactic acid in different rat muscles

📝 Fluxes Of Lactate Into, From, And Among Gap Junction-coupled Astrocytes And Their Interaction With Noradrenaline

📝 The Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1b Drives the Formation of Oxidative Type IIX Fibers in Skeletal Muscle

📝 Loss Of Force Induced By High Extracellular [K+] In Rat Muscle: Effect Of Temperature, Lactic Acid And b2-agonist

📝 Adrenaline Increases Skeletal Muscle Glycogenolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activation And Carbohydrate Oxidation During Moderate Exercise In Humans

📝 Bench-To-Bedside Review: Is there A Place For Epinephrine In Septic Shock?

📝 Regulation Of Glycolytic Oscillations By Mitochondrial And Plasma Membrane Hþ-ATPases

📝 Contribution Of Glycogen In Supporting Axon Conduction In The Peripheral And Central Nervous Systems: The Role Of Lactate

📝 Glycogen availability and skeletal muscle adaptations with endurance and resistance exercise

📝 Lactate Transport In Skeletal Muscle — Role And Regulation Of The Monocarboxylate Transporter

📝 Is A Constant Low-entropy Process At The Root Of Glycolytic Oscillations?

📝 ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel-Mediated Lactate Effect On Orexin Neurons: Implications For Brain Energetics During Arousal

📝 Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic And Physical Adaptations To Different Exercise Training Modes In Young And Old Humans

📝 The Role Of miR-378a In Metabolism, Angiogenesis, And Muscle Biology

📝 Extracellular Lactate As D Dynamic Vasoactive Signal In The Rat Retinal Microvasculature

📝 Plasma Lactate Levels Increase During Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

📝 Creatine Deficiency Syndromes: A Clinical, Molecular And Functional Approach

📝 Lactate, Not Lactic Acid, Is Produced By Cellular Cytosolic Energy Catabolism

📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

📝 miR-378∗ Mediates Metabolic Shift In Breast Cancer Cells Via The PGC-1β/ERRγ Transcriptional Pathway

📝 Involvement Of Lactate And Pyruvate In The Anti-Inflammatory Effects Exerted By Voluntary Activation Of The Sympathetic Nervous System

📝 Cerebral Energy Metabolism And The Brain’s Functional Network Architecture: An Integrative Review

📝 Energy Substrates That Fuel Fast Neuronal Network Oscillations

📝 Brain Metabolism Dictates The Polarity Of Astrocyte Control Over Arterioles

📝 Catecholamines And The Effects Of Exercise, Training And Gender

📝 Psychiatric Symptoms Of Noradrenergic Dysfunction: A Pathophysiological View

📝 New Insights Into Sympathetic Regulation Of Glucose And Fat Metabolism

📝 Monocarboxylate Transporters: Therapeutic Targets And Prognostic Factors In Disease

📝 Metabolic Stress And High Intensity Exercise

📝 Bioenergetics Of Exercising Humans

📝 Defective Activation Of Skeletal Muscle And Adipose Tissue Lipolysis In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During Hypoglycemia

📝 Lactate Attenuates Synaptic Transmission And Affects Brain Rhythms Featuring High Energy Expenditure

📝 miR-378 Activates The Pyruvate-PEP Futile Cycle And Enhances Lipolysis To Ameliorate Obesity In Mice

📝 Acid–base Dysregulation And Chemosensory Mechanisms In Panic Disorder: A Translational Update

📝 UNIVERSE, LIFE, CONSCIOUSNESS

📝 A Single Bout Of Either Sprint Interval Training Or Moderate Intensity Continuous Training Reduces Anxiety Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

📝 A Time Estimation Task As A Possible Measure Of Emotions: Difference Depending On The Nature Of The Stimulus Used

📝 Acute Physiological Effects Of Glucocorticoids On Fuel Metabolism In Humans Are Permissive But Not Direct

📝 Discrepancies Between Dimensions Of Interoception In Autism: Implications For Emotion And Anxiety

📝 Psychophysiological Responses To Pain Identify Reproducible Human Clusters